Valve arrangement for internal combustion engines



G. BARBERI Feb. 12, 1957 VALVE ARRANGEMENT FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed June l, 1953 VALVE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSIION ENGTNES The purpose of the present invention is to provide an internal combustion engine particularly adapted to achieve a higher degree of etiiciency than achieved in present day engines, owing to a valve arrangement locating the exhaust valve on the top of the cylinder and the inlet valve on the piston head.

The invention essentially comprises a cylindrically shaped housing containing the crank shaft, a row of cylinders for movement of the pistons mounted perpendicular to said housing, each cylinder comprising a head located exhaust valve, orientated angularly with respect to the lane of motion of the piston and operated by a cam the shaft of which is coaxial with the crankshaft and an inlet valve fitted on the piston head and operated in a manner hereinafter described.

The present invention is illustrated schematically and by way of example in the drawing included herewith Where:

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-section of a cylinder acccrding to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a form of the mechanism operating the exhaust valve of a single-cylinder engine according to the invention:

Fig. 3 is the schematic view of a camshaft operating the exhaust valves of a four-cylinder engine according to the invention.

In said figures a dome 2 is fitted at the top of cylinder 1 containing exhaust valve 3 mounted angularly with respect to the plane of motion of the piston and having seats S-S. Said dome 2 is provided with orifice 4 through which the exhaust gases are discharged and orifice 5 in which the spark plug is fitted with its point within the combustion chamber K. Reciprocating within the cylinder is piston 6 on the head of which inlet valve 7 is fitted, said valve having stem S surrounded by coil spring 9. Said spring rests normally on element 10 slidably mounted in rod protrusions. Element 10 is bent around pivot 11 and has a free end 12 designed to permit limited vertical movement. Shaft 13 of the device bears cam 14, said cam operating levers 15 controlling exhaust valve 3 in the combustion chamber.

At about half the height of the cylinder an inlet 17 is provided for feeding the mixture into the cylinder. At the bottom of said cylinder an adjustable screw 16 is provided to actuate the inlet valve 7 by means of the element 10. The elbow G of element 10 contacts the head of screw 16 thereby causing inlet valve 7 to open and close at the appropriate time and to open proportionally to the amount of adjustment given said screw 16.

The engine described above has been designed to utilize gasoline. It can, however, be adapted for fuel-oil. In that case the cylinder is provided with a spray nozzle at 5 for the fuel eliminating the spark plug.

Fig. 3 illustrates schematically a camshaft system operating the exhaust valves. The cycle of the engine according to the invention being the usual cycle of a fourstroke engine, said engine is operated as follows:

When the engine is in the position illustrated by Fig. 1 an air fuel mixture enters into the cylinder through inlet 17 While the piston, actuated by au explosion in the combustion chamber K, begins its downward stroke said piston covers inlet 17 and compresses the air fuel mixture which has dropped inside the cylinder. Compression continues until the end of the piston downward stroke at which time the mixture thus fully compressed escapes through. inlet valve 7 actuated by screw 16, and thus enters into the combustion chamber K where it is again compressed by the upward stroke of the piston. When a predetermined degree of compression has been reached, ignition takes place and the ensuing explosion causes the piston to repeat the above-described cycle.

The engine according to the invention utilizing the construction and cycle of operation described above has a much greater degree of theoretical eiiiciency than engines at the present time in use, due to a novel valve arrangement as described, facilitating the rapid evacuation of combustion gases, and eliminating the possibility of contact between combustion gases and fresh air fuel mixture and possible leakage of said `air fuel mixture.

l claim:

In an internal combustion engine, a crank case, a cylinder and cylinder head, a piston head, a connecting rod and crankshaft, Ian inlet valve mounted on said piston head, an outlet valve mounted in said cylinder head, a valve operator connected to said inlet valve extending adjacent to the connecting rod and terminating adjacent the crankshaft within the crank case, means adjustably mounted in the Wall of lthe crank case `and directly below the crankshaft `and adapted to actuate said valve operator to open said inlet valve and spring means for returning said inlet valve to the closed position thereof.

References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 810,495 Miller Jan. 23, 1906 864,586 Wottrng Aug. 27, 1907 931,319 Krotz Aug. 17, 1909 1,029,929 Hellmann `lune 18, 1912 1,193,367 Derr Aug. 1, 1916 1,333,635 Sawtelle Mar. 16, 1920 1,756,354 Heibig Apr. 29, 1930 1,906,251 Dienner May 2, 1933 2,028,760 Dillstrom Jan. 28, 1936 2,062,621 Truesdell Dec. 1, 1936 2,082,078 Ottoson June 1, 1937 2,215,793 Mayes Sept. 24, 1940 FOREIGN PATENTS 4,443 Great Britain Feb. 22, 1912 140,598 Great Britain Apr. 1, 1920 247,391 Great Britain Feb. 18, 1926 436,969 Great Britain Oct. 22, 1935 

